Skip to page content
  • Go to the main menu
  • Go to the search form
Metro

Main menu

▼
Open menu
▲
Close menu
  • Parks + Venues
    +
    Open this submenu
    −
    Close this submenu
    • Parks
      +
      Open this submenu
      −
      Close this submenu
      • Oxbow Regional Park
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Camping at Oxbow
      • Blue Lake Regional Park
      • Smith and Bybee Wetlands Natural Area
      • Graham Oaks Nature Park
      • Cooper Mountain Nature Park
      • Mount Talbert Nature Park
      • Scouters Mountain Nature Park
      • Chehalem Ridge Nature Park
      • Canemah Bluff Nature Park
      • Newell Creek Canyon Nature Park
      • Orenco Woods Nature Park
      • Killin Wetlands Nature Park
      • Howell Territorial Park
      • Mason Hill Park
      • Broughton Beach
      • Glendoveer Golf Course and Nature Trail
      • Farmington Paddle Launch
      • Boat ramps
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Chinook Landing Marine Park
        • M. James Gleason Memorial Boat Ramp
        • Sauvie Island Boat Ramp
      • Disc golf course

      • Parks and nature activities
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Guided nature activities
        • Nature learning resources
      • Picnics and special use
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Picnics at Blue Lake
        • Picnics at Oxbow
        • Picnics at Graham Oaks
        • Picnics at Mount Talbert
        • Picnics at Scouters Mountain
        • Picnics at Chehalem Ridge
        • Caterers and amusement providers
        • Special use permits
      • Water safety
      • Pets policy
      • Hunting policy
    • Venues
      +
      Open this submenu
      −
      Close this submenu
      • Oregon Convention Center
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Oregon Convention Center hotel
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Jobs and job training
          • Economic impact
          • Global reach
          • Hotel progress
      • Oregon Zoo
      • Portland Expo Center
      • Portland'5 Centers for the Arts
    • Historic cemeteries
      +
      Open this submenu
      −
      Close this submenu
      • Services and fees
      • Visit the cemeteries
      • History of Metro's cemeteries

      • Brainard Cemetery
      • Columbia Pioneer Cemetery
      • Douglass Cemetery
      • Escobar Cemetery
      • Grand Army of the Republic Cemetery
      • Gresham Pioneer Cemetery
      • Jones Cemetery
      • Lone Fir Cemetery
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Chestnut Grove Memorial Garden
      • Mountain View Corbett Cemetery
      • Mountain View Stark Cemetery
      • Multnomah Park Cemetery
      • Pleasant Home Cemetery
      • Powell Grove Cemetery
      • White Birch Cemetery
    • man and boy walking on trail at Oxbow Regional Park
      Buy a parks pass
  • Tools + Services
    +
    Open this submenu
    −
    Close this submenu
    • Tools for Living
      +
      Open this submenu
      −
      Close this submenu
      • Garbage and recycling
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Find a recycler
        • Find your hauler
        • Metro Central transfer station
        • Metro South transfer station
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Metro South trash cam
        • Code of conduct
        • Prep your load and pay less
        • Recycling at home
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Home recycling collection
          • Glass
          • Metal
          • Plastic
          • Paper
          • Christmas tree recycling
        • Reducing waste at home
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Waste-wise holidays
          • Stop junk mail
          • Back to school tips
        • Neighborhood collection events
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • 2025 neighborhood collection event schedule
        • Report dumped garbage
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • RID Patrol work transition program
        • Ask an expert
      • Healthy home
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Household hazardous waste disposal
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Adhesives and glues
          • Aerosols
          • Air fresheners and deodorizers
          • Ammunition
          • Antifreeze
          • Arts and crafts supplies
          • Asbestos
          • Batteries, auto
          • Batteries, household
          • Bleach
          • Brake fluid
          • Carpet and rug cleaners
          • Chemistry sets
          • Cleaners, all-purpose
          • Degreasers
          • Detergents, dishwashing or laundry
          • Disinfectants
          • Drain cleaners
          • Fertilizers, chemical
          • Fingernail polish and remover
          • Flea control
          • Gasoline, kerosene and diesel fuel
          • Hair products
          • Hand cleaners, mechanic or painter
          • Lighter fluid, charcoal
          • Lubricating oils
          • Medicines, unwanted or expired drugs
          • Mercury- and PCB-containing items
          • Moss killer
          • Mothballs and moth crystals
          • Motor oil and oil filters
          • Oven cleaners
          • Paint and clear wood finish
          • Paint strippers or paint scrapings
          • Paint thinners
          • Paint, water-based
          • Pesticides
          • Photographic chemicals
          • Polishes and cleaners, metal
          • Polishes and waxes, wood furniture and floors
          • Polishes, cleaners or waxes, automotive
          • Polishes, shoe
          • Pool or spa chemicals
          • Septic tank cleaners
          • Smoke detectors, ionizing type
          • Soot remover or creosote destroyer
          • Stain and spot removers
          • Transmission fluid
          • Windshield wiper solution
          • Wood preservatives
        • Green cleaning
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Air fresheners and deodorizers
          • All-purpose cleaners
          • Aluminum cleaners
          • Antiseptic soap spray
          • Bathroom soft scrub
          • Bronze, brass and copper cleaner
          • Chrome cleaner
          • Coffee maker cleaner
          • Countertop and appliance top cleaner
          • Dish soap
          • Disinfectants
          • Drain cleaner
          • Floor cleaners
          • Glass and window cleaners
          • Hand cleaner
          • Laundry bleach
          • Laundry cleaners
          • Leather cleaner
          • Oven cleaners
          • Scouring powder and paste
          • Silver cleaners
          • Spot and stain removers
          • Toilet bowl cleaners
          • Tub and tile cleaner
          • Urine stain removers
          • Wall cleaner
          • Wallpaper cleaner
          • Wet spotter
          • Windshield wiper fluid
          • Wood cleaners
          • Wood furniture polish
        • Home pest control
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Ants
          • Asthma, pests and pesticides
          • Cockroaches
          • Fleas and ticks
          • Fruit flies
          • Mice and rats
          • Moths
          • Spiders
        • Buying safer cleaners
        • Safe personal care products
        • Storm and fire cleanup
        • Online learning
        • MetroPaint
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Retail locations
          • Colors and product information
          • MetroPaint Outlet
          • MetroPaint virtual painter
            +
            Open this submenu
            −
            Close this submenu
            • Living room
            • Bedroom
            • Dining room
            • Entrance
            • Upload a photo
      • Yard and garden
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Learning gardens
        • Garden basics
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Soil amendments
          • Mulch matters
          • Soil prep for your edible garden
          • Watering tips
        • Garden problems
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Azalea lace bug
          • Aphids
          • Cabbage butterflies and leaf miners
          • Mosquitoes
          • Moles, voles and gophers
          • Slugs and snails
          • Yellowjackets
          • Wildlife issues
          • Lawn moss
          • Black spot, rust and rot
          • Powdery mildew
          • Weeds
          • Proper disposal of pesticides
        • Lawn
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Mow
          • Grow
          • Water
          • Weed
          • Lawn alternatives
        • Plants
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Native plants
          • Plant a shrub
          • Plant a tree
          • Fall and winter gardening
          • Growing roses
          • Getting started with edibles
        • Backyard habitat
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Beneficial bugs
          • Pollinators
          • Protecting songbirds
          • Feeding and caring for wildlife
        • Composting
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Composting methods
          • Tips for composting success
          • Compost trouble-shooting
          • Build a compost bin
          • Worm composting
          • Worm bin trouble-shooting
        • Grow Smart, Grow Safe
        • Garden pledge
    • Tools for working
      +
      Open this submenu
      −
      Close this submenu
      • Asbestos information for transfer station customers
      • Guide to construction salvage and recycling
      • Guide to managing paint waste
      • Guide to recycling and waste reduction at work
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Guide to choosing single-use service ware
      • Business hazardous waste disposal program
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Business hazardous waste disposal signup
      • Reducing food waste
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Preventing food waste
        • Donating food
        • Composting food scraps
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Composting options outside the Portland metropolitan area
        • Food scraps separation policy
        • Local success stories
      • Regional contractor's business license
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Contractor's business license application and renewal
        • Contractor's business license lookup
      • Tools for haulers and facility operators
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Accounts for haulers
        • Construction waste
        • Special waste disposal
        • Regional solid waste facilities
        • Forms for solid waste facilities
        • Rules, procedures and guidance
        • Solid Waste Information System
        • Solid waste authorizations
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Solid waste facility complaint form
          • License for Grimm’s Fuel Company
            +
            Open this submenu
            −
            Close this submenu
            • Updates
        • Solid waste enforcement
        • Public notices for garbage and recycling facilities
      • Travel options for employers
    • Tools for Partners
      +
      Open this submenu
      −
      Close this submenu
      • Grants and resources
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • 2040 planning and development grants
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Past grant cycles
        • Brownfields assessment grants
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Background
        • Civic engagement grants
        • Climate pollution reduction planning grants
        • Community enhancement grants
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Metro Central Enhancement Grants
        • Community Placemaking grants
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • How to apply
          • 2023 grantees
          • 2022 grantees
          • 2021 grantees
          • 2020 grantees
          • 2019 grantees
          • 2018 grantees
          • 2017 grantees
        • Cooling corridors study
        • Housing and homelessness resources
        • Investment and Innovation grants
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Past grant cycles
        • Landlord incentives
        • Large-scale community visions
        • Local share
        • Nature grants
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Capital grants
          • Community choice grants
          • Community stewardship and restoration grants
          • Nature education grants
        • Parks and Nature community partnerships
        • Partnerships and social innovation program
        • Regional Refresh Fund
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Frequently asked questions
        • Regional Travel Options program
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Safe Routes to School program
            +
            Open this submenu
            −
            Close this submenu
            • Safe Routes to School safety campaign toolkit
        • Transit-Oriented Development Program
      • Guides and tools
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Community Investment Toolkit
        • Designing livable streets and trails
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Conversations about performance-based design
        • Economic Value Atlas
        • Greater Portland Economic Recovery Plan
        • Guide to equitable housing
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Build Small Coalition
        • Jurisdictional transfer assessment
        • Local transportation system plans
        • Mobility Corridors Atlas
        • Planning parks with communities of color
        • Regional Traffic and Transportation Class
        • Safe Routes to School Framework
        • Site readiness toolkit
        • Social Vulnerability Explorer
      • Education resources
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Resource conservation and recycling education
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Elementary school classroom presentations
          • Middle and high school classroom presentations
          • Distance learning
            +
            Open this submenu
            −
            Close this submenu
            • Elementary online learning
            • Middle and high school online learning
            • Community and family online education
          • Publication library
          • Community workshops and events
          • Meet the educators
      • Data Resource Center
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • RLIS Live
        • MetroMap
        • Aerial photography
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Regional Aerial Photo Consortium
        • Unmanned Aircraft System program
        • Annexation and boundary changes
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Annexation search tool
    • Small thumbnail of a Metro map
      Regional Land Information System
  • What's Happening
    +
    Open this submenu
    −
    Close this submenu
    • Metro News
      +
      Open this submenu
      −
      Close this submenu
      • All Metro news
      • Housing news
      • Land and transportation news
      • Parks and nature news
      • Home and garbage news
      • Venues news
      • Resources for journalists
    • Public projects
      +
      Open this submenu
      −
      Close this submenu
      • Willamette Cove cleanup and nature park
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Background
        • Site history
        • Park planning
        • The cleanup
      • Future of Supportive Housing Services
      • Tualatin Valley Highway transit project
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Background
        • Community engagement
        • Equitable development
        • Steering committee
      • 2024 growth management decision
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Background
        • Expansion proposal
        • Roundtable
        • Youth cohort
      • Regional housing coordination strategy
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Background
      • Expo Future project
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Phase two
        • Development information
        • Project background
        • Site history
      • Blue Lake Regional Park improvements
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Background
        • Project updates
        • Timeline
      • Affordable housing bond program
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Progress
        • Site acquisition
        • Background
        • Racial equity
        • Oversight
        • Common questions
      • Supportive housing services
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Progress
        • Racial equity
        • Regional coordination
        • Funding
        • Oversight
        • Stories
        • Common questions
      • Supportive housing services tax
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Tax preparer resources
        • Tax data and analysis
        • Codes and rules
      • 2028-30 Regional flexible funding allocation
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Background
        • Funding priorities
        • New project bond
        • Step 2
      • 82nd Avenue transit project
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Background
        • Development strategy
        • Steering committee
      • Community connector transit study
      • Regional Transportation Demand Management strategy
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Regional goals
        • Timeline
      • Honoring untold stories at Lone Fir Cemetery
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Community engagement
        • Timeline
        • Patient recognition
      • Parks and nature investments
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • About
        • History
        • Funding
        • Vision
        • Equity
        • Oversight
        • Leadership
      • Regional system facilities plan
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Background
        • Engagement
        • Values and outcomes
        • Gap analysis
        • Scenario development
        • Draft plan
      • Bulky Waste collection service improvements
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Bulky waste policy
        • Collection study
      • Metro's commitment to Black lives
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Policing
    • Calendar
      +
      Open this submenu
      −
      Close this submenu
      • calendar pictogram
        View meetings and events
    • Subscribe
      +
      Open this submenu
      −
      Close this submenu
      • newspaper pictogram
        Get news by email
  • About Metro
    +
    Open this submenu
    −
    Close this submenu
    • Regional leadership
      +
      Open this submenu
      −
      Close this submenu
      • What is Metro?
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Cities and counties in the region
      • Metro Council
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Council President Lynn Peterson
        • Councilor Ashton Simpson
        • Councilor Christine Lewis
        • Councilor Gerritt Rosenthal
        • Councilor Juan Carlos González
        • Councilor Mary Nolan
        • Councilor Duncan Hwang

        • How to give testimony
        • Find your councilor
      • Metro Auditor
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • About the Metro Auditor
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Mission and authority
          • Process
          • Auditing standards
          • Audit Committee
        • Audits
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Audit recommendations
        • Accountability Hotline
      • Metropolitan Exposition Recreation Commission
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Commissioners
        • Materials archive
      • Metro advisory committees
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Committee on Disability Inclusion
        • Committee on Racial Equity
        • Future Vision Commission
        • Joint Policy Advisory Committee on Transportation
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • How to give testimony
          • Meeting materials archive
        • Metro Policy Advisory Committee
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • How to give testimony
          • Meeting materials archive
        • Metro Technical Advisory Committee
        • Public Engagement Review Committee
        • Regional Waste Advisory Committee
        • Smith and Bybee Wetlands Advisory Committee
        • Transit-Oriented Development Steering Committee
        • Transportation Policy Alternatives Committee
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • TPAC materials archive
          • TransPort
      • Diversity, equity and inclusion
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Know your rights
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Complaint procedures
        • Accessibility at Metro
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • ADA public notice
          • Request an accommodation
          • Accessibility projects
          • Website accessibility
          • ADA grievance procedure
            +
            Open this submenu
            −
            Close this submenu
            • File an ADA complaint
        • Language hub
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Arabic
          • Cambodian
          • Chinese
          • Hindi
          • Hmong
          • Japanese
          • Korean
          • Laotian
          • Nepali
          • Persian
          • Romanian
          • Russian
          • Somali
          • Spanish
          • Tagalog
          • Telugu
          • Thai
          • Ukrainian
          • Vietnamese
        • Public engagement
        • Equity strategy
        • Equity Dashboard
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Workforce demographics
          • Job classifications
          • Employment status
          • Payscale
          • Recruitment
          • Retention
        • Construction Career Pathways
      • Public records
    • How Metro works
      +
      Open this submenu
      −
      Close this submenu
      • Organizational structure
      • Finances and funding
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Financial reports
        • Metro budget
        • Property tax information
        • Income tax information
        • Investment Advisory Board
      • Metro Code
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Metro administrative rules
      • Green Metro
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Green Metro featured projects
      • Contract opportunities
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • Current requests for bids and proposals
        • Doing business with Metro
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Large construction contracts
        • Equity in contracting
      • Jobs
        +
        Open this submenu
        −
        Close this submenu
        • How to apply
        • Benefits
        • Pay
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Classification descriptions
        • Labor unions
        • Diversity and equity
        • Training and development
        • Veterans' preference
        • First Opportunity program
        • Internships
          +
          Open this submenu
          −
          Close this submenu
          • Applying for internships
          • Types of internships
          • Garbage and recycling internships
        • Variable hour jobs
    • Library
      +
      Open this submenu
      −
      Close this submenu
      • Land use shelf
      • Transportation shelf
      • Nature shelf
      • Garbage and recycling shelf
      • Regional research shelf
      • Archives and special collections
    • photo of boats at Blue Lake
      Metro by the numbers

Search form

Metro News

Subscribe
A white great egret stands on a floating log holding its wings high above its head, which is pointed toward the pool below.

Our Big Backyard Summer 2022

Return to River Island. Meet Metro's newest natural areas.

 
  • 日本語

Expanding the benefits of backyards

A man stands looking at the camera. Behind him is a wide street with several large warehouses. There is no greenery.
Vivek Shandas, the essays author, stands at an asphalt-filled corner in inner Southeast Portland. Neighborhoods like this can be 25 degrees hotter than shady neighborhoods. (Photograph by Fred Joe.)
Metro logo

Expanding the benefits of backyards

By Vivek Shandas
July 19, 2022 12:01 p.m.

Vivek Shandas is a professor of climate adaptation and director of the Sustaining Urban Places Research Lab at Portland State University. Stories contributed by community members do not necessarily represent the opinions of Metro or the Metro Council. Learn more

Community voices

Metro occasionally contracts with community members to write about newsworthy topics from their perspective as a member of a historically marginalized community, such as people of color, immigrants and refugees, low-income residents and people of varying abilities. These pieces are intended to provide important points of view and do not necessarily represent the opinions of Metro or the Metro Council.

Vivek Shandas is a professor of climate adaptation and director of the Sustaining Urban Places Research Lab at Portland State University. Through his research, teaching, and community service, Professor Shandas supports the creation of built environments that align with ecological dynamics and center social justice.

Professor Shandas serves on Metro's Natural Areas and Capital Performance Oversight Committee.

I'm helping my father find a home in Portland. As a recent widower, he’s looking for a small, single-family residential home. As an octogenarian, a single-story he can easily move about is important. As a recent arrival to the Portland region, he wants to be in Northeast Portland, near me and my family. As somebody who immigrated to the United States over 40 years ago and mostly lived in suburbs, he insists on having a backyard.

While all of his requirements seem reasonable, the one I cannot understand is his insistence on having a backyard. Our debates revolve around whether he will spend time in the backyard, if it’s practical given his ambulatory challenges, and whether it’s a priority given all the other needs and the limited supply of available homes during the ongoing pandemic. A backyard, to me, seems like a trivial feature since local parks can offer opportunities for outdoor time and connections to nature. 

Why, I ask him, is a backyard such an important space? 

My father’s love for the backyard is no accident. He grew up in India, where such personal outdoor spaces rarely exist in dense cities. The same was true in the United States not too long ago. In fact, before the 1950s, a backyard in any U.S. city largely served practical purposes, including food production, livestock, storage – it’s where the outhouse sat. It was a farm in miniature, not a garden refuge. When indoor plumbing, refrigeration and appliances began to fill homes, and larger grocery stores showed up, the role of the backyard transformed. 

Throughout the 1950s and '60s, carefully crafted messaging suggested that a backyard is more than a physical space: It’s an emblem of middle-class success. Ad campaigns still offer these messages, reinforcing the importance of finding leisure, recreation and family life within a backyard. Fencing, lawn fertilizers, barbecues, patio furniture and a host of other products are sold as the tools to create backyards that support a wholesome life. 

The backyard offers a fresh breath. It can even offer a feeling that transcends our immediate thoughts and strengthens our relationship to nature.

In many ways, the backyard reflects a love affair with virtue and freedom – hallmarks of American rhetoric. The backyard is quintessential to the marketing of the American Dream. It’s part of what my father and many in his social circles accepted as symbols of achievement and having arrived at a better life than the one he left in Asia.

There’s a lot of meaning in those few hundred square feet behind his ideal home. Even beyond the perceptions of social class and virtue, the backyard offers a fresh breath. It can even offer a feeling that transcends our immediate thoughts and strengthens our relationship to nature. 

A view down an industrial neighborhood with warehouses lining a street and bridge overpasses above the buildings.
Photograph by Fred Joe

Yet in looking for homes, and despite our arguments about his need for a personal outdoor space, I’ve quickly come to see that the quality and distribution of backyards mirror long-standing policies that have shaped many of our cities across the United States. 

As a professor and environmental consultant, the search for my father’s home has raised questions about whether a simple feature of the outdoor space is also emblematic of the systems of land allocation that privilege some above others. 

What created such inequities in the availability of personal outdoor spaces within and across the neighborhoods? How are those past wrongs leading to harm today? Could the areas with bountiful backyards help reduce the pernicious effects of climate change?

As I looked into the areas with more and less backyard space, I observed that areas of greater Portland with historically little investments indeed had less available backyard space and also fewer (and smaller) parking strips where trees and other large vegetation could be planted. Upon digging further, I observed that age-old urban planning policies, even some officially rescinded by the civil rights acts of the 1960s, are still in play today. 

The most obvious and well-documented example of our planning system privileging specific neighborhoods is the federal codification of neighborhood-based segregation practices, commonly known as redlining. Starting in the 1930s, redlining began as a means for defining risks for federally backed mortgages during the Great Depression. The program generated hundreds of city maps that delineated neighborhoods as “hazardous” or “definitely declining” and others as the “best.” 

The difference between a neighborhood marked blue or green for good, and qualified for federally backed mortgages, and one marked red for bad, and disqualified from those mortgages, was who lived in each. White, wealthy residents lived in the green and blue neighborhoods, while the redlined neighborhoods were home to people of color, low-income white people and immigrants from southern and Eastern Europe.

Turns out that redlining and other racist housing policies led to lower land values in those neighborhoods. Houses were built on smaller lots with smaller backyards. Industrial sites, big-box stores and major highway projects took advantage of the low land prices.  Those land-hungry developments created landscapes of asphalt and concrete, reducing opportunities for greening these neighborhoods.

Redlining, racial covenants and other racist zoning practices led to the inequitable distribution of green spaces in U.S. cities. In greater Portland, lower-income neighborhoods have one-third of the green space and residential outdoor space found in the region’s higher-income neighborhoods. 

The sun glares off of the road in a downtown industrial neighborhood. Two people walk in the bright light. A few trees provide some shade down the road.
Photograph by Fred Joe

As a region, we can do much better to address historic inequities while making our home more resilient to climate change. A strategy of creating or preserving a wide array of green spaces may be an answer. 

As our region faces the twin crises of houselessness and affordable housing, our collective task will be to develop novel approaches that enable greater and more affordable densities while also supporting more trees, green spaces and parks.

A year after the 2021 “heat dome” that killed over 100 Oregonians and over 1,000 people in the Pacific Northwest, green spaces are an increasingly precious line of defense against the effects of climate change. During that extreme weather, air temperature in neighborhoods with bigger backyards were 25 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than those with little or no backyards. 

Areas with more concrete, asphalt and buildings – those often found in disinvested areas of a region – absorb the sun’s heat faster, and release it slower. In greener neighborhoods, trees shade roads and other hard surfaces; the backyards create greater gaps between heat-absorbing building, allowing the wind to move freely and cool spaces. Recent research also illustrates greater levels of harmful air pollution in formerly redlined areas of cities. 

As our region faces the twin crises of houselessness and affordable housing, our collective task will be to develop novel approaches that enable greater and more affordable densities while also supporting more trees, green spaces and parks. Yet, one already clear challenge is that the same areas that were historically disinvested – and thus remain less costly and have fewer resources to, rightly or wrongly, oppose new developments – are now undergoing a proportionally greater transformation into higher-density housing. 

One approach is increasing the diversity of green spaces in neighborhoods seeing an increase in housing density. Using diverse types of greening is a proven method for absorbing the sun’s radiation during summer. Outside of investments in parks – small and big – we need to also consider green spaces like green walls, ecoroofs, pea-patches and roadways that support more street-scale plants in parking strips, pocket parks and bioswales. 

An immediate solution is identifying the scattered, undeveloped and unintentionally green tax lots within the region’s historically disinvested neighborhoods. By whatever accidents of history, these lots were never filled in. There are hundreds of disinvested lots across the region, for example, that contain large trees. With the right investments, these are potential parks and community gardens – green treasures in increasingly dense neighborhoods. 

Metro’s 2019 Parks and Nature Bond will invest almost half a billion dollars to protect and restore land and center criteria to address racial equity, community engagement and climate change goals.  

The bond added all of greater urban Portland to the areas where Metro can spend up to $155 million to buy land that supports natural areas. While laudable, only a few of these urban natural areas are where people who face the most acute impacts from climate change now live. The bond also provides $92 million to the region’s 27 park providers to purchase land and direct investments into urban areas. This is a chance for the region to turn its attention to create urban green spaces where they are lacking instead of adding to the greenery of already-green spaces. 

To support the centering of the racial justice goals of the bond, we also need planning tools that integrate our understanding of race with reducing climate impacts and promoting economic prosperity. Relevant tools are beginning to appear, including King County’s Equity Impact Review Tool, California’s Cal EnviroScreen, and the federal government’s Justice40 Initiative. Our own recently passed HB4077 will help to create such a tool for Oregon, which is a first step to addressing historical environmental injustices. 

We are reckoning with the systems of investment that continue to amplify racial injustices. We are also at a turning point of climate change and the severity of its impacts for the region. These two issues are part of my search for a house for my father. His desire for a backyard may turn out to create a climate refuge that supports the whole neighborhood. Everyone and every neighborhood deserves these refuges. We need to see a region where anyone looking for a place to live can escape into their nearby green spaces, whether small, large, high, low and all different kinds.

Previous: Part 3

Win a prize!

Next: Part 5

Up to $155 million is available to buy land for natural areas
 

Footer Menu

▼
Open menu
▲
Close menu
  • Services of Metro
    +
    Open this submenu
    −
    Close this submenu
    • Oregon Zoo
    • Oregon Convention Center
    • Portland Expo Center
    • Portland'5 Centers for the Arts
    • Data Resource Center
    • Garbage and recycling facilities
    • Metro cemeteries
  • Opportunities
    +
    Open this submenu
    −
    Close this submenu
    • Jobs
    • Contracts
    • Grants
    • Franchising and licensing
  • Access
    +
    Open this submenu
    −
    Close this submenu
    • Know your rights
    • Accessibility at Metro
    • Language assistance
    • Feedback and questions
    • Metro Accountability Hotline
    • Privacy policy
    • Request public records
    • Directions
  • Leadership
    +
    Open this submenu
    −
    Close this submenu
    • Metro Council
    • Metro Auditor
    • MERC
    • Committees
    • Who's my councilor?

Metro logo

Whether your roots in the region run generations deep or you moved to Oregon last week, you have your own reasons for loving this place – and Metro wants to keep it that way. Help shape the future of the greater Portland region and discover tools, services and places that make life better today.

Contact Metro

  • 503-797-1700
  • 503-797-1804 TDD
  • Send a message

Connect with Metro

Subscribe to Metro News

More subscription options

Find Metro on

Facebook Twitter YouTube LinkedIn Instagram